超声造影与弹性成像联合评分对乳腺BI-RADS 4类病灶的应用价值

目的探讨超声造影（CEUS）与实时组织弹性成像（UE）联合评分对乳腺超声影像报告和数据系统（BI-RADS）诊断为4类的乳腺病灶的良恶性鉴别诊断价值。 方法选取2012年4月至2016年2月在浙江大学医学院附属第二医院常规超声检查且诊断为BI-RADS 4类的158例患者共172个乳腺病灶行CEUS及UE检查,分别对每个病灶进行赋值评分,以穿刺或手术病理为金标准,构建ROC曲线,分析CEUS和UE联合评分法对BI-RADS 4类病灶的良恶性鉴别诊断价值。 结果172个病灶中,病理学诊断良性80个,恶性92个,单独应用CEUS评分法分析乳腺BI-RADS 4类病灶的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）、敏感度、特异度、准确性分别为0.894、84.78%、85.00%、84.88%;单独应用UE评分法分析乳腺BI-RADS 4类病灶的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）、敏感度、特异度、准确性分别为0.844、82.61%、82.50%、82.56%。把造影和弹性评分法联合,以7分为诊断界点（AUC为0.951）,其敏感度、特异度、准确性为94.57%、93.75%、94.19%,均高于单独评分法（P<0.05）。 结论应用超声造影及弹性成像联合评分法能够明显提高乳腺BI-RADS 4类病灶的诊断准确率,可作为BI-RADS分类的补充,减少不必要的术前活检,值得临床推广应用。     

术后疼痛管理质量综合评分法的实证研究

目的:探讨术后疼痛管理质量综合评分法能否有效评价出医院/科室术后疼痛管理质量的优劣。方法:采用目的抽样法和便利抽样法,2018年1—5月,选取浙江省、江苏省共9家医院的9个骨科科室为研究对象,根据是否为医院认证的无痛病房,分为无痛病房组（4个科室）和非无痛病房组（5个科室）,分别应用术后疼痛管理质量综合评分法、加权秩和...     

A risk scoring system to predict the risk of new‐onset hypertension among patients with type 2 diabetes

Hypertension (HTN), which frequently co‐exists with diabetes mellitus, is the leading major cause of cardiovascular disease and death globally. This study aimed to develop and validate a risk scoring system considering the effects of glycemic and blood pressure (BP) variabilities to predict HTN incidence in patients with type 2 diabetes. This research is a retrospective cohort study that included 3416 patients with type 2 diabetes without HTN and who were enrolled in a managed care program in 2001–2015. The patients were followed up until April 2016, new‐onset HTN event, or death. HTN was defined as diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 90 mm Hg, systolic BP (SBP) ≥ 140 mm Hg, or the initiation of antihypertensive medication. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to develop the risk scoring system for HTN. Of the patients, 1738 experienced new‐onset HTN during an average follow‐up period of 3.40 years. Age, sex, physical activity, body mass index, type of DM treatment, family history of HTN, baseline SBP and DBP, variabilities of fasting plasma glucose, SBP, and DBP and macroalbuminuria were significant variables for the prediction of new‐onset HTN. Using these predictors, the prediction models for 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year periods demonstrated good discrimination, with AUC values of 0.70–0.76. Our HTN scoring system for patients with type 2 DM, which involves innovative predictors of glycemic and BP variabilities, has good classification accuracy and identifies risk factors available in clinical settings for prevention of the progression to new‐onset HTN.     

Novel clinical risk scoring model for predicting mortality in patients with necrotizing fasciitis: The MNF scoring system

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life-threatening soft tissue infection that rapidly progresses and requires urgent surgery and medical therapy. If treatment is delayed, the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome, including death, is significantly increased. The goal of this study was to develop and validate a novel scoring model for predicting mortality in patients with NF. The proposed system is hereafter referred to as the Mortality in Necrotizing Fasciitis (MNF) scoring system. A total of 1503 patients with NF were recruited from 3 provincial hospitals in Thailand during January 2009 to December 2012. Patients were randomly allocated into either the derivation cohort (n = 1192) or the validation cohort (n = 311). Clinical risk factors used to develop the MNF scoring system were determined by logistic regression. Regression coefficients were transformed into item scores, the sum of which reflected the total MNF score. The following 6 clinical predictors were included: female gender; age > 60 years; white blood cell (WBC) ≤5000/mm³; WBC ≥ 35,000/mm³; creatinine ≥ 1.6 mg/dL, and pulse rate > 130/min. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AuROC) analysis showed the MNF scoring system to have moderate power for predicting mortality in patients with NF (AuROC: 76.18%) with good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ²: 1.01; P = .798). The positive likelihood ratios of mortality in patients with low-risk scores (≤2.5) and high-risk scores (≥7) were 11.30 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.16–20.71) and 14.71 (95%CI: 7.39–29.28), sequentially. When used to the validation cohort, the MNF scoring system presented good performance with an AuROC of 74.25%. The proposed MNF scoring system, which includes 6 commonly available and easy-to-use parameters, was shown to be an effective tool for predicting mortality in patients with NF. This validated instrument will help clinicians identify at-risk patients so that early investigations and interventions can be performed that will reduce the mortality rate among patients with NF.     

危重病评分系统预测急性肾损伤患者预后优于RIFLE分级

目的评价并比较序贯性脏器衰竭评分(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation,APACHE)Ⅱ、简明急性生理学评分(simplified acute physiology score,SAPS)Ⅱ和Liano评分4种危重病评分系统及RIFLE标准对急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)患者的预后评估价值。方法本研究为前瞻性、单中心研究,收集2008年12月到2009年11月复旦大学附属华山医院各种病因引起的AKI患者。AKI的诊断标准为RIFLE的肌酐标准,除外肾后性、肾小球性、肾血管性和间质性肾炎等引起的急性损伤。研究的主要终点是28d死亡率。比较存活组和死亡组的RIFLE分级、SOFA、APACHEⅡ、SAPSⅡ和Liano评分,并进行各种评分系统对死亡的ROC曲线分析,同时将4种评分方法根据RIFLE分级进行分层分析。结果共入选194例符合入选标准的AKI患者。存活组和死亡组的RIFLE分级、AKI病因、是否需要透析差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。死亡组的机械通气比例、SOFA、APACHEⅡ、SAPSⅡ和Liano评分显著高于存活组(P0.001)。SOFA、APACHEⅡ、SAPSⅡ和Liano评分预测死亡的受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线下面积分别为0.900、0.885、0.888、0.875(均P0.001),而RIFLE的ROC曲线下面积为0.566(P0.05)。按AKI的RIFLE级别进行分层分析时发现,4个评分方法在衰竭组(Fc)ROC曲线下面积最大,其中又以Liano评分最高。结论 RIFLE分级对AKI患者的预后无明显的判断价值,而危重病评分包括SOFA、APACHEⅡ、SAPSⅡ和Liano评分对AKI的预后具有良好的预测价值。     

POSSUM和P-POSSUM评分系统对肝部分切除手术风险度的评估

目的探讨POSSUM和P-POSSUM评分系统对肝切除术后并发症和死亡风险的评估。方法应用POSSUM和P-POSSUM评分系统预测133例肝切除患者术后并发症和死亡,并比较实际发生与理论预测之间的差异。结果 POSSUM预测并发症58例,实际发生35例,两者存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）;POSSUM及P-POSSUM预测死亡分别为9例及3例,实际死亡3例,实际发生与理论预测之间均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;POSSUM和P-POSSUM预测死亡率ROC曲线下面积分别为0.974及0.982。结论对于肝切除手术,POSSUM评分系统高估了术后并发症风险,POSSUM及P-POSSUM评分系统能较准确地评估术后死亡风险,P-POSSUM评分系统可能更为准确。     

Somnolyzer系统在多导睡眠图自动评分中的应用

目的:评价Somnolyzer系统在多导睡眠图(PSG)自动评分中的临床应用价值。方法:本研究为诊断实验研究。采用非随机抽样的方法选取2017年3月至2019年10月在中日友好医院睡眠诊疗中心行整夜PSG监测的患者138例。分别由2名睡眠技师进行人工判读(M1、M2),Somnolyzer分析系统自动判读(S)及同样2...     

The Birth Satisfaction Scale – Revised (BSS-R): should the subscale scores or the total score be used?

ABSTRACT

Objective and background: The 10-item Birth Satisfaction Scale – Revised (BSS-R) is increasingly being used internationally as the instrument of choice for the assessment of birth satisfaction. There remains conjecture over the most appropriate way to score the instrument; subscale scores overall total score, or both approaches. The current study sought to clarify this issue by examining the measurement characteristics of the United States version of the BSS-R from a large data set.

Methods: Secondary analysis of a data matrix from a large sample US BSS-R validation study (N = 2116) using structural equation modelling.

Results: A bi-factor model revealed an excellent fit to data (χ²_(df = 25) = 208.21, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.04), demonstrating relative independence of the BSS-R quality of care subscale, while in contrast the women’s attributes and stress experienced during childbearing subscales could be explained more plausibly by a general factor of experience of childbirth.

Conclusion: Consistent with the recommendations of the original BSS-R validation study, the current investigation found robust empirical evidence to support the use of both the subscale scoring system and the total score. Researchers and clinicians can therefore select either approach (or both) with confidence.     

Interobserver Agreement in Scoring of Dual Fluorescein and ICG Inflammatory Angiographic Signs for the Grading of Posterior Segment Inflammation

Purpose: To test interobserver agreement in the fluorescein/indocyanine green angiography (FA/ICGA) scoring system for uveitis.

Methods: Four observers scored 32 dual FA/ICGAs. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze correlation between pairs of observers in scores assigned to angiographic signs. Kappa statistics were used to test agreement between pairs of observers in comparative total FA and ICGA scores.

Results: The authors found a significant correlation between pairs of observers in scores assigned to all FA signs and all except one ICGA sign. The only discordant sign was early stromal vessel hyperfluoresence on ICGA. There was a moderate to substantial agreement between pairs of observers in comparative FA/ICGA total scores.

Conclusions: The level of agreement between uveitis specialists in scoring of dual FA/ICGA indicates that the scoring system tested in this study will be useful for clinical studies of uveitis. Increased experience with this system may further improve its reproducibility.     

剪切波弹性成像和超声造影联合评分鉴别不同大小BI-RADS 4类乳腺肿块良恶性的临床价值

目的：探讨剪切波弹性成像（shear wave elastography,SWE）和超声造影（contrast enhanced ultrasound,CEUS）联合评分对不同大小BI-RADS 4 类乳腺肿块良恶性的诊断价值。方法：收集2020年8月—2021年10月在山西医科大学第一医院超声科就诊的158例患者（共167个肿块）常规超声诊断为BI-RADS 4 类的乳腺肿块,分为大肿块组（＞20mm）和小肿块组（≤20mm）,均进行SWE和CEUS检查,并分别对每个肿块进行SWE、CEUS单独和联合赋值评分,以病理结果为金标准,构建受试者工作特征曲线（Receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC）评价SWE、CEUS单独及联合评分对两组肿块良恶性的诊断效能。结果：大肿块组SWE/CEUS单独评分的AUC分别为0.786/0.820,诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值（Positive predictive value,PPV）和阴性预测值（Negative predictive value,NPV）分别为：79.5%/81.8%、68.7%/75.0%、76.3%/78.9%、79.5%/81.8%和71.9%/75.0%;SWE单独评分与CEUS单独评分的比较差异无统计学意义（Z=0.537,P＞0.05）;大肿块组联合评分临界值为6.5分时,AUC为0.885,95%置信区间（Confidence interval,CI）为0.791-0.947,诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性、PPV和NPV分别为88.6%、87.5%、88.2%、88.6%和84.8%,均高于单独评分法,且差异均有统计学意义（Z=2.153、2.287,P均＜0.05)。小肿块组SWE/CEUS单独评分的AUC分别为0.730/0.778,其诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性、PPV和NPV分别为61.0%/70.7%、68.0%/70.0%、64.8%/69.2%、61.0%/65.1%和68.0%/72.9%;SWE单独评分与CEUS单独评分的比较差异无统计学意义（Z=0.688,P＞0.05）;小肿块组联合评分临界值为5.5分时,AUC为0.868,95%CI为0.781-0.930,诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性、PPV和NPV分别为:87.8%、84.0%、86.8%、83.7%和89.6%,均高于单独评分法,且差异均有统计学意义（Z=3.040、2.746,P均＜0.05）。结论：SWE和CEUS联合评分对不同大小BI-RADS 4 类乳腺肿块良恶性的鉴别具有较高的诊断价值,特别是对于小肿块,适当降低诊断临界值,可明显提高诊断准确性,减少不必要的穿刺活检。